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In the Internet addressing architecture, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) have reserved various Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for special purposes.[1]

IPv4[edit]

IPv4 designates special usage or applications for various addresses or address blocks: [1][2]

Special address blocks
Address blockAddress rangeNumber of addressesScopeDescription
0.0.0.0/80.0.0.0–0.255.255.25516777216SoftwareCurrent network[3] (only valid as source address).
10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0–10.255.255.25516777216Private networkUsed for local communications within a private network.[4]
100.64.0.0/10100.64.0.0–100.127.255.2554194304Private networkShared address space[5] for communications between a service provider and its subscribers when using a carrier-grade NAT.
127.0.0.0/8127.0.0.0–127.255.255.25516777216HostUsed for loopback addresses to the local host.[3]
169.254.0.0/16169.254.0.0–169.254.255.25565536SubnetUsed for link-local addresses[6] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server.
172.16.0.0/12172.16.0.0–172.31.255.2551048576Private networkUsed for local communications within a private network.[4]
192.0.0.0/24192.0.0.0–192.0.0.255256Private networkIETF Protocol Assignments.[3]
192.0.2.0/24192.0.2.0–192.0.2.255256DocumentationAssigned as TEST-NET-1, documentation and examples.[7]
192.88.99.0/24192.88.99.0–192.88.99.255256InternetReserved.[8] Formerly used for IPv6 to IPv4 relay[9] (included IPv6 address block 2002::/16).
192.168.0.0/16192.168.0.0–192.168.255.25565536Private networkUsed for local communications within a private network.[4]
198.18.0.0/15198.18.0.0–198.19.255.255131072Private networkUsed for benchmark testing of inter-network communications between two separate subnets.[10]
198.51.100.0/24198.51.100.0–198.51.100.255256DocumentationAssigned as TEST-NET-2, documentation and examples.[7]
203.0.113.0/24203.0.113.0–203.0.113.255256DocumentationAssigned as TEST-NET-3, documentation and examples.[7]
224.0.0.0/4224.0.0.0–239.255.255.255268435456InternetIn use for IP multicast.[11] (Former Class D network).
240.0.0.0/4240.0.0.0–255.255.255.254268435455InternetReserved for future use.[12] (Former Class E network).
255.255.255.255/32255.255.255.2551SubnetReserved for the 'limited broadcast' destination address.[3][13]

IPv6[edit]

Loopback 2 1 34

Loopback 2.1.4 Released March 24, 2020 (Release Notes) For MacOS 10.12 or higher. What People Are Saying About Loopback. Recipient of a near-perfect 4.5/5 mice from. 7–2 Altera Corporation Stratix GX Device Handbook, Volume 2 June 2006 Parallel Loopback Figure 7–1. Stratix GX Block in Serial Loopback Mode Parallel Loopback Figure 7–2 shows the data path for parallel loopback. A data stream is fed to the transmitter from the FPGA logi c array and has the option of using blocks in the transmitter block. $ nc -l -p 10001 fe80::1%lo $ nc fe80::1%lo 10001 Verifying correct scope: $ ip -6 a 1: lo: LOOPBACK,UP,LOWERUP mtu 65536 inet6 fe80::1/64 scope link validlft forever preferredlft forever Still it seems not very elegant having to add every single IP to be able to bind to it.

Method 2 To install the Microsoft Loopback Adapter by using the Hardware Wizard, follow these steps: In Control Panel, double-click Add Hardware, and then click Next; Click Yes, I have already connected the hardware, and then click Next. At the bottom of the Installed hardware list, click Add a new hardware device, and then click Next. LoopBack 2: End-of-Life: Jul 2014: Apr 2019: Learn more about our LTS plan in docs. 2.38.1 (LTS) Latest Mar 13, 2017 + 174 releases Packages 0.

Loopback

IPv6 assigns special uses or applications for various IP addresses:[1]

Special address blocks
Address block (CIDR)First addressLast addressNumber of addressesUsagePurpose
::/0::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2128RoutingDefault route (no specific route)
::/128::::1SoftwareUnspecified address.
::1/128::1::11HostLoopback address to the local host.
::ffff:0:0/96::ffff:0.0.0.0::ffff:255.255.255.2552128−96 = 232 = 4294967296SoftwareIPv4 mapped addresses.
::ffff:0:0:0/96::ffff:0:0.0.0.0::ffff:0:255.255.255.255232SoftwareIPv4 translated addresses.
64:ff9b::/9664:ff9b::0.0.0.064:ff9b::255.255.255.255232Global InternetIPv4/IPv6 translation.[14]
100::/64100::100::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff264RoutingDiscard prefix.[15]
2001::/322001::2001::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff296Global InternetTeredo tunneling.
2001:20::/282001:20::2001:2f:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2100SoftwareORCHIDv2.[16]
2001:db8::/322001:db8::2001:db8:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff296DocumentationAddresses used in documentation and example source code.[17]
2002::/162002::2002:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2112Global InternetThe 6to4 addressing scheme (now deprecated).[8]
fc00::/7fc00::fdff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2121Private networkUnique local address.[18]
fe80::/10fe80::febf:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2118LinkLink-local address.
ff00::/8ff00::ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff2120Global InternetMulticast address.

See also[edit]

  • Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

References[edit]

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  1. ^ abcM. Cotton; L. Vegoda; R. Bonica; B. Haberman (April 2013). Special-Purpose IP Address Registries. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6890. BCP 153. RFC6890. Updated by RFC 8190.
  2. ^https://www.iana.org/assignments/iana-ipv4-special-registry/iana-ipv4-special-registry.xhtml
  3. ^ abcdM. Cotton; L. Vegoda; R. Bonica; B. Haberman (April 2013). Special-Purpose IP Address Registries. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6890. BCP 153. RFC6890. Updated by RFC 8190.
  4. ^ abcY. Rekhter; B. Moskowitz; D. Karrenberg; G. J. de Groot; E. Lear (February 1996). Address Allocation for Private Internets. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC1918. BCP 5. RFC1918. Updated by RFC 6761.
  5. ^J. Weil; V. Kuarsingh; C. Donley; C. Liljenstolpe; M. Azinger (April 2012). IANA-Reserved IPv4 Prefix for Shared Address Space. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). doi:10.17487/RFC6598. ISSN2070-1721. BCP 153. RFC6598.
  6. ^S. Cheshire; B. Aboba; E. Guttman (May 2005). Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3927. RFC3927.
  7. ^ abcJ. Arkko; M. Cotton; L. Vegoda (January 2010). IPv4 Address Blocks Reserved for Documentation. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC5737. ISSN2070-1721. RFC5737.
  8. ^ abO. Troan (May 2015). B. Carpenter (ed.). Deprecating the Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC7526. BCP 196. RFC7526.
  9. ^C. Huitema (June 2001). An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3068. RFC3068. Obsoleted by RFC 7526.
  10. ^S. Bradner; J. McQuaid (March 1999). Benchmarking Methodology for Network Interconnect Devices. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC2544. RFC2544. Updated by: RFC 6201 and RFC 6815.
  11. ^M. Cotton; L. Vegoda; D. Meyer (March 2010). IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC5771. BCP 51. RFC5771.
  12. ^J. Reynolds, ed. (January 2002). Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700 is Replaced by an On-line Database. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3232. RFC3232. Obsoletes RFC 1700.
  13. ^Jeffrey Mogul (October 1984). Broadcasting Internet Datagrams. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC0919. RFC919.
  14. ^C. Bao; C. Huitema; M. Bagnulo; M. Boucadair; X. Li (October 2010). IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6052. RFC6052.
  15. ^N. Hilliard; D. Freedman (August 2012). A Discard Prefix for IPv6. Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC6666. RFC6666.
  16. ^J. Laganier; F. Dupont (September 2014). An IPv6 Prefix for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers Version 2 (ORCHIDv2). Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC7343. RFC7343.
  17. ^G. Huston; A. Lord; P. Smith (July 2004). IPv6 Address Prefix Reserved for Documentation. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC3849. RFC3849.
  18. ^R. Hinden; B. Haberman (October 2005). Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC4193. RFC4193.

External links[edit]

Loopback 2 1 34 Resz

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